Differences between soap and detergent

                 soap and detergent




Soap and detergent, Those  substances that dissolve in water and have ability or tendency to remove dirt from dirty surface such as the textiles,skin of humans and other solids and many other substances.



1.What do you mean by soap?
 

 Soap is a long chain of carboxylic acid of sodium salt (Na)or potassium salt(k).


  •  surfactants are used  (Between a liquid and another substance compounds that reduce the surface tension) and therefore help in the emulsification of oils in water.
  •  Through the saponification of fats and oils soaps are generally formed.
  •   The hydrocarbon tail is hydrophobic and other the carboxylate end of the soap molecule is hydrophilic

2.what is detergent ?

Detergents are made from synthetic sources.

  • Detergents are the potassium or sodium salts of a long alkyl chain ending with a sulfonate group.
  •  Generally they are soluble in hard water.
  • The sulfonate group does not attach itself to the ions present in hard water this is the fact of this solubility.
  •  alkylbenzenesulfonate are used for domestic purposes this is the anionic detergent.

  Preparation of soap


The most commonly process is used that is saponification of oils and fats.
 In this process involves heating of oils and fats reacting them with a liquid alkali to produce soap , water and glycerine .

Saponification

 This is  one of the pother soapmaking process is with the neutralization of fatty acids with an alkali. Oils and fats are hydrolyzed with high-pressure steam to yield glycerine and crude fatty acids.

 productionof  water and soap ,when fatty acids are later purified by the method of distillation and neutralized with an alkali.




Potassium soap are soft in touch ,it is used in saving creams and handwash cream but Alkli like sodium hydroxide which is hard in touch which is used for bathing and also for cleaning purpose.
This is one of the surprising as well as interesting things for soap  the carboxylate end of the soap molecule is a hydrophilic end. The grease and oil attract the hydrocarbon chain and repel water. This is known as the hydrophobic end.


Difference Between Soap and Detergent
SoapsDetergents
 Having a long alkyl chain Consist of a ‘-COONa’ group attached to a fatty acidConsist of a ‘-SO3Na’ group attached to a long alkyl chain.
 In hard water and saline water they are not effective. They do not lose their effectiveness in hard water and saline water.
Soaps are completely biodegradableDetergents containing a branched hydrocarbon chain are non-biodegradable
In  a hard water environment they have tendency to form scum.These compounds do not form scum.
By vegetable oils and natural fats this  is natural sources from this they are derived.Detergents are derivative synthetic .
Soaps are biodegradable and as well as environment friendly.Due to thik foam of  this compound can cause the death of aquatic life.
Examples of soaps: sodium palmitate and sodium stearate.Examples of detergents:  sodium lauryl sulfate and deoxycholic acid.
Location: India

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